The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams free essay sample

An assessment of the impacts a missing dad can have on his family as observed by Tennessee Williams. In this paper the creator takes a gander at the characters in this play by Tennessee Williams. The creator takes note of that in spite of the principle character real nonappearance missing from the play, he profoundly affects the various characters and every one of their activities and feelings are focused on him. The creator closes by recommending that Williams composed the play as an outlet for his own feelings. From the paper: ?Tennessee Williams utilizes this play as an outlet for his own agony, and his characters take on an honest shade that no uncertainty evokes an emotional response in the crowd. The Glass Menagerie is a play that no uncertainty has not many characters progressively noticeable that Mr. Wingfield, however Mr. Wingfield not even once steps in front of an audience. It is Mr. Wingfields nonattendance from this family that causes their own glass house to break. We will compose a custom article test on The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page ?

Carl Robins- Case Study

Presentation The contextual investigation of Carl Robbins uncovers an organization and a worker who is ill-equipped to welcome appropriately, new representatives into the organization condition in a powerful and significant manner. Chris Traynor, a board-ensured SPHR (Senior expert of HR) relates it along these lines, â€Å"A messed up direction is quite often a top-down issue, paying little mind to who may have the regular obligation of preparing the recently recruited employee. It is a puzzle when you consider what is thought about the genuine estimation of good representatives and exactly how troublesome and expensive it tends to be to pull in them to your business (2008). The direction of new workers is basic to their initial execution and the maintenance of the new representatives over the long haul. Direction ought to include HR, preparing, and the bosses of the new workers in a sorted out way all together that the change into the new job or office will be elegant, however sig nificant (Giacalone, 2009). Readiness was absent before Carl Robbin turned into a scout for ABC, Inc. Foundation Key Problems Find new area for direction Complete every single missing transcript and inadequate applications Mandatory medication screen must be planned Complete direction manual with just 17 days left Table 1. Subtleties of direction to be readied (University of Phoenix, 2009) New area New employee’s missing archives Mandatory Drug Screen Orientation Manual Alternative and proposed arrangements New Location Call a neighborhood inn where he can meeting to lead his new worker direction. Hold the room that Joe booked either in the am or pm after the PC instructional course. Locate another office where they can lead a gathering. Call a neighborhood café where he can save a space to proceed with the new class direction. Complete missing transcripts and fragmented applications Carl should start by reaching every person as fundamental and work on every one to ensure that the required medication test is finished by June fifteenth. Solidify a rundown of the people that are as yet missing data and present the data to Mrs. Carrol to guarantee her this will be finished as guaranteed. Timetable a period where they can come in and round out the missing desk work. Begin conveying an email to each understudy who needs to have this finished by June fifteenth. Ensure that the new workers present the missing transcripts before June tenth Drug screen arrangements Contact the Human Resource division where they can start booking arrangements for the new representatives to get have this settled. Timetable a telephone call where he can clarify the significance of the issue. Advise every new worker that on the off chance that this isn't resolve before June fifteenth, at that point they can't go to the class and it will postpone their beginning date with the organization. Deficient direction manuals Over the previous years, this isn't something new that Carl is confronting and he needs to make a move promptly and address it to the correct faculty. An organization as large as ABC, Inc. might have old manuals that he can utilize, however he should contact the principle office to demand these materials. The following are a portion of the answers for this issue. Call the workplace to have this arranged or republished Begin by getting a duplicate of it and make enough duplicates for everybody. When he takes a few to get back some composure of a genuine duplicate he needs to spare if to his document for future reference. Audit all material and roll out any fundamental improvements if necessary. End The worry that Carl Robbin has suggested in the situation should be supplanted by activity and arranging. The realities remain that the time is short. Guarantees have been made to encourage the direction in a specific time period. Culmination of the venture is important to satisfy the objectives set by the manager and as by and by set by Robbins. This undertaking can be finished on schedule and with a worthy degree of value. While some extra cost might be caused if a gathering room must be leased, it is likely a minor cost when the expense of selecting is thought of. The extra pressure and poor pre-arranging will be a learning experience. ABC, Inc. what's more, Robbin will be more ready on account of another selecting drive after the experience considered in this situation. References: _http://www. criticalthinking. org_ http://find. galegroup. com/itx/start. do? prodId=ITOF. College of Phoenix. (2009). Contextual investigation for understudy examination . Recovered from University of Phoenix, COM215 Essentials of College Writing site.

Comparison Essay on High School and College

Comparison Essay on High School and College Some people may mistake college as a simple step above high school, but an examination of the two levels of study reveals that there are indeed numerous differences between the two. One of the differences is in the nature of classes in college and in high school. In high school classes, assignments and learning materials that are to be used to complete the assignments are provided for the students. High schools also normally have guidance counselors to help students determine what advanced core and elective courses they may be interested in taking, especially as it pertains to preparing for a college or a vocation. In college, the situation is very different because it is the students who are charged with the responsibility to decide the kinds of classes that they should take until they graduate. If a student has challenges in selecting a unit, the student may make an appointment with a course advisor. However, colleges do have counseling and guidance offices to help students look at what they might be interested in as a career and to help them plan accordingly. Even so, college students are rarely given the materials that they need for their study and therefore , unlike high school, must purchase the necessary texts and other learning material. Another difference is that, compared to college professors, high school teachers tend to be more accommodating towards their students. For instance, high school teachers tend to be more interested in knowing the name of each and every student in their class while college professors rarely relate names to the faces of their students. Also, high school teachers are more likely to closely monitor the grades of their students, ensure that all the students access the required notes, find out why a student may have missed a class, and even remind the students of assignments and future examinations. High school teachers are also more likely to accept a late submission of assignments or even call a student’s parents to inquire about a student who may have missed class. On the other hand, college professors rarely pay attention to the attendance habits of their students and do not make any effort to ensure that all their students pass or score good grades in their subjects. If a studen t misses a class, a college professor is unlikely to follow up and give the student the notes he missed. Instead, it will be up to the student to figure out from whom to get the notes that he missed when he did not attend class. Finally, it is not uncommon to meet a college professor even after graduating from college and not be recognized by that professor, unlike the case of high school teachers who remember some students long after graduation. In high school, it is very easy to get one-on-one time with a teacher because all that one has to do is to schedule a time before or after school. In college, one has to book an appointment in order to have a one-on-one time with a professor, and it is not always a guarantee that after booking the appointment, the professor will keep the appointment. You can buy a comparison essay online at AdvancedWriters essay writing service. You will get a superior-quality custom compare and contrast paper written from scratch! 2.00 avg. rating (5 votes)

Capital Punishment Is The Death Penalty Essay - 1504 Words

Death Penalty Pro Con Speech Introduction- What is capital punishment? Capital punishment is the death penalty. The death penalty can be dated back to the ancient times and is still prevalent and utilized today. When the topic of the death penalty is brought up it is certain to bring up a discussion and both sides of the argument are often heard. After being presented with facts, statistics and the findings, you will be better educated on the death penalty and will be able to adequately take a stand on either side of the argument. T.S. 1,407 people. 1,407 American people have been executed since 1976. II. Body Cons Failed as a Deterrence Statistically proven that when an execution is publicized, more murders occur in the days and weeks to follow. Murder rate may be best addressed by looking at the environment and the social factors that contribute to the violent crime. Dr. Jonathan Groner an Associate Professor at Ohio State University says, â€Å"The murder rate is most closely associated with the socio economic health of the country. The murder rate was highest during the depression. Also a majority of people on death row are from the most blighted part of the U.S. They are very poor and very impoverished.† (Death Penalty.Org) T.S. Trials in which the prosecutor is seeking a death sentence have two separate and distinct phases conviction and sentencing. More investing ative cost are generally incurred in capital cases. b. Cost i. Tennessee 48% more expensive than aShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1482 Words   |  6 PagesMrs. McElmoyl 12/12/14 Capital Punishment As stated by former governor of New York, Mario M. Cuomo, Always I have concluded the death penalty is wrong because it lowers us all; it is a surrender to the worst that is in us; it uses a power- the official power to kill by execution- that has never brought back a life, need inspired anything but hate. (Cuomo 1) This is one of the main arguments against capital punishment (also known as the death sentence.) Capital punishment is the ability for a governmentRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Capital Punishment931 Words   |  4 Pageswritten down (Robert). The death penalty was applied for a particularly wide range of crimes. The Romans also used death penalty for a wide range of offenses. Historically, the death sentence was often handled with torture, and executions, except that it was done in public. In this century, the death penalty, execution or capital punishment, whatever you’d like to refer it as, is the result for committing capital crimes or capital offences and it is not in public. The death penalty has been practiced byRead MoreCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1410 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment in America In 1976 the Supreme Court of the United States of America ruled the Death Penalty constitutionally permissible. The debate over capital punishment has always been a topic of great controversy. Before the Supreme Court ruling in 1976 America had been practicing capital punishment for centuries. At the current time some states enforce the death penalty, while some do not. There are differences of opinion’s relating to whether or not the death penalty is the proper wayRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty991 Words   |  4 PagesCapital Punishment Imagine your having a normal morning, eating breakfast doing your normal routine. Suddenly your phone rings and when you answer you hear the worst news possible. One of your family members has just been murdered in cold blood. You cry, mourn, then become angry. You attend the court hearing and you sit less than 20 feet away from the murderer. Do you truly believe this person deserves to live? Or should they face a punishment that is equal to their crime? Some may say CapitalRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Capital Punishment1569 Words   |  7 Pagesthe death penalty also referred to as capital punishment. The death penalty is both useless and harmful to not only criminals but also their potential victims. This paper uses these horrific facts to try and convince the reader that the death penalty should be done away with before it is too late, although that time may have already come. With supporting evidence to support my cause, I hope that the following information sways at least one reader to see the harm of keeping the death penalty an activeRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1235 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is capital punishment? Why do people support it, but yet people cherish lives? Is it a moral thing to do? Should one be for or against the Death Penalty? Let’s take a look deep into the world of justices and why capital punishment still exists in today’s society. Capital punishment or the death penalty is a feder al punishment given to criminals who are convicted of murders. It is the highest law punishment available that can prevent future murders by developing fear within them. Capital punishmentRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1017 Words   |  5 PagesName: Lucas Falley Topic: Capital Punishment Background: Capital punishment, or the death penalty, has existed for thousands of years. For as long as there has been organized society, the death penalty has existed in numerous cultures and civilizations. Throughout the years the methods have changed, but the use of capital punishment is becoming a pressing matter. Amnesty International reports that there are 140 countries worldwide that have abolished the death penalty, while over 50 countries stillRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is A Capital Punishment1271 Words   |  6 Pages What is the death penalty? The death penalty is a capital punishment that is punishable by death or execution. This is usually given to people that have committed serious offences or capital crimes. There are 31 states in the United States that are for the death penalty. Crimes that are punishable by the death penalty, vary from state to state. Examples of such crimes are; first degree murder or premeditated murder, murder with special circumstances, such as: intende d, multiple, and murder whichRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1539 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment, otherwise known as the death penalty, has been the center of debate for a long time. Capital punishment may be defined as the â€Å"[e]xecution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense† (Capital Punishment). Up until 1846, when Michigan became the first to abolish the death sentence, all states allowed legal practice of capital punishment by the government (States). Currently, there 32 states still supporting the death penalty and 18Read MoreThe Death Penalty Of Capital Punishment1480 Words   |  6 Pagesjustice system, such as the death penalty. Capital punishment has been used many times in history all around the world, and it was quite popular. Many people argue that capital punishment is useful in deterring crime and that it is only fair that criminals receive death as punishment for a heinous crim e. On the contrary, others see the death penalty as a violation of the 8th amendment. It restricts excessive fines, and it also does not allow cruel and unusual punishment to be inflicted upon criminals

Have Childrens Behavior Become Worse in these Recent...

As time continues to go on more and more issues start to arise. One of the biggest issue that is becoming extremely important is the high correlation among children’s bad behavior. This has become one of the biggest issue because of many safety problems. There has been an increase in violence among children that has created a lot of safety issues. As the facilitation that we have for media, the children’s behavior has also increased. There are many influential factors that have made children behave worse as time went by. Even there are many causes to this bad behavior, there are a lot of solutions that we can come up with and that might just work. Let’s start by talking how children’s behavior has been negatively impacted by all the trash†¦show more content†¦It is true that no parent has a manual to raise a child but some parents are just terrible at parenting. Maturity among parents play a big role in the child’s behavior. It is very common that children with teenage parents have a negative impact on their behavior. This can be compared with single parents or divorced parents. Statistics are proven that children are behaving worse when they have something impactful happen in their life. Statistics shows that 50% of first marriages, 67% of second marriages, and 74% of third marriages end in divorce. This has been and will always be an impactful event for a child’s life and it definitely affects their behavior. During the 1980s, seventy-seven percent of children lived with both parents but in 2000s it went down to sixty-seven percent of children. Sixty-three percent of teen suicides and nin ety percent of runaways come from fatherless homes. Eighty-five percent of children with behavioral problems come from fatherless homes. The statistics continue to build up and prove that bad parenting or missing parents affects children’s behaviors. Children’s behavior is impacted by the inexperience and irresponsible parents during this time period. To these problems many people have been trying to find a solution, like diagnosing children with a disorder and giving them medication to control them. In a 2011 study, the results showed that approximately eleven percent (6.4 million)Show MoreRelatedWhat Does Columbine, Sandy Hook, And The Edlington Murders All Have?872 Words   |  4 PagesEdlington murders all have in common? These were all violent crimes, committed within the last decade, by people under the age of 21. Every time you turn on the television, there is news of children engaging in disruptive, dangerous behaviors. Juvenile detention camps are filled with children under the age 18 who have maimed and murdered others. Looking at data from the National Criminal Data base, it is a clear fact that children’s behavior is significantly deteriorated from 20 years ago. Some criticsRead MoreNegative Effects Of Technology On The Brain Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesNegative Effects of Technology On The Brain Over the years, technology has increased in usage within many ways and has caused successful changes in a person’s lively routine. However, technology has evolved since the very beginning which concern has grown over the negative effects of its excessive use. Nicholas Carr’s article â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid† addresses the tendency of technology to create a sort of mental laziness where people look for instant answers rather than thinking for themselvesRead MoreDivorce And The Effects On Child Development1577 Words   |  7 Pagesmarital misery and friction harmfully affect their children’s happiness, comfort and security, but as does being subjected to going through a divorce. Children who are living in very high conflict and tension filled homes may be at an advantage by being detached from the conflicts. (Marriages that run at a lower level of upheaval, conceivably over two-thirds of divorces are of this kind; however divorce can make the childr en’s circumstances much worse on the heels of a divorce). Introduction ChildrenRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Child Development1510 Words   |  7 Pagesinjury (accidents), homicide and suicide according to the World Health Organization. Media and entertainment play a huge part in child development, as technology has seemed to overpower today’s generation. Nearly, forty percent of the human populations have access to an Internet connection at home via any device type and connection, when in 1995; it was less than one percent. The first billion internet users were reached in 2005, the second in 2010 and the third just recently in 2014 (Manual for measuringRead MoreViolent Media Is Good For Kids1324 Words   |  6 Pageschildren who view violent media react negatively rather than not being affected at all. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of what effects does it have on children. Whereas some are convinced that it is a healthy alternative for kids to express themselves, others maintain that it causes kids to become more aggressive and contributes to juvenile crimes. Common sense seems to dictate that, because the media today primarily focuses on portraying acts of aggression and violenceRead MoreExpository Essay on Parenting1582 Words   |  7 PagesSuccess COM150 Effective Essay Writing December 8, 2013 Throughout history, families represent the primary setting in which most children’s lives are formed and developed; however, parenting beliefs and practices have evolved and drastically changed. Most parents expressed the view that parenting had changed substantially when compared with parenting 20 years ago. Degree of parental responsibility and pressure on parents as having increased while a decrease in levels of parental control hasRead MoreMainstreaming Interview1441 Words   |  6 Pagescenter as a program assistance for 3 years and an afterschool class tutor for primary school for 1.5 years. She has 2 SEN students in 20 students P.2 class at Fanling Assembly of God Church Primary School. Hong Kong education was influenced by UK government while the period of the British colony with scholar academic ideology. Therefore, Hong Kong government put emphasis on the academic achievements. However, Ms. Ng has seen the change in curriculum. Children’s needs are now being more concernedRead MoreHow Electronic Media--From Baby Videos to Educational Software--Affects Your Young Child by Lisa Guernsey1123 Words   |  5 Pagesprominently enjoy using electronics, specifically television and computers, due to the proximity they hold in their lives. When an object is constantly surrounding someone, he or she often becomes attached to it, finding comfort in its presence. Likewise, when a television is often present in one’s life, he or she becomes accustomed to the satisfaction it provides. In Screen Time: How Electronic Media--From Baby Videos to Educational Software--Affects Your Young Child, Lisa Guernsey focuses on the impactRead MoreAffects on Children of Divo rced Parents1714 Words   |  7 Pagesstudy surrounding this particular topic. Most has been within the past two decades. Which make sense, since the divorce rate has skyrocketed in very recent history. We will start by examining the affects that the actual divorce process has on children. During this traumatic time, children will tend to pick up on all of the negative behaviors that the parents are exuding. Parental discord can actually be more disturbing to a child than parental nonexistence through the divorce. Parental conflictRead MoreEssay on Effect of violence seen on Television985 Words   |  4 Pages The Effects of Violence Seen on Television nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One Saturday morning when I was five years old, I was watching an episode of the Roadrunner on television. As Wile Coyote was pushed off a cliff by the roadrunner for the fourth or fifth time, I started laughing uncontrollably. I then watched a Bugs Bunny show and started laughing whenever I saw Elmer Fudd shoot Daffy Duck and his bill went twirling around his head. The next day, I pushed my brother off a cliff and shot

Nerve Regeneration Essay Example For Students

Nerve Regeneration Essay Topic: New ways to aid in nerve regeneration. General Purpose: To informSpecific Purpose: To inform the audience about news techniques and mechanismsthat aid in nerve regeneration. Central Idea Statement: The new techniques fornerve regeneration involving magnetic, electrical, and chemical mechanisms lookvery promising. INTRODUCTION I. The site is rather common: someone in a wheelchair unable to use their lower body, or worse, unable to function from theirneck down because of an accident. You may even know one of these people. Theyall have one thing in common: spinal nerve injury. To the majority of us, one ofthe more famous and recent cases involving spinal trauma is that of ChristopherReeve, known to most of us as Superman. Reeve was riding his horse when he felloff, landed on the back of his head and twisted his neck. His spine was damagednear the second cervical vertebrae; that being two vertebrae away from the baseof the skull. He states that after his accident he saw a handbook written in1990 that didnt even mention anyone higher than because 70 percent of them didnt live longer than five days. I amvery lucky my injury happened at a time when treatment and surgery hadimproved. Dr. Cotman from UCI, who worked with Reeve says that Reeveremains optimistic that a cure is only a few million dollars away. II. Prior tothe end of the Second World War, if a person survived a severe spinal cordinjury, the injury still usually resulted in their early death. This was becauseof complications that accompanied the injury, such as infections to the kidneysand lungs. Though the development of new antibiotics has greatly improved lifeexpectancy, until recently medical science had not been able to restore nervefunction. III. According to researchers at the University of Alabama using datafrom the regional SCI Centers, there are 7,800 traumatic spinal cord injurieseach year in the US. Yet these numbers do not represent accurate figures since4,860 per year, die before reachi ng the hospital. Current estimates are that250,000-400,000 individuals live with spinal cord injury or dysfunction;forty-four percent of these occur in motor vehicle accidents. More than half ofthese injuries occur to individuals who are single, and more than 80% of theseindividuals are male. IV. Within the last five years, a great many things havebeen happening in the area of neurological research. Research and treatmentinvolving spinal and nerve injury has progressed considerably. In this speech Iwill inform you on the new and promising techniques that are currentlyundergoing testing for human treatment, in terminology that we will be able tounderstand. BODY I. The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, andall branching nerves. There are two parts: the central nervous system, or CNS,and the peripheral nervous system, or PNS. The CNS, consists of the brain andspinal cord, while the PNS involves all the nerves that branch off from thespinal cord to the extremities. A. Wh en the spine is crushed or bent in anextreme accident, the spinal cord inside is severely bruised and compressed,causing localized injury and death to many of the nerve cells and their fibers. Some of injured nerves fibers survive intact, but lose their electricalinsulation, or myelin, over the very short distance of the injury zone. Nerveimpulses are blocked at this point. 1. The myelin is the part of the nerve thatactually transfers the electrical signal that enables your muscles to move whenyou want them to move. B. Nerves regenerate at the rate of about a cm a month. Keep in mind that not all nerves can regenerate (the spinal cord is a primeexample) and if a nerve is too damaged or is severed it cannot come back C. Peripheral nerves will regenerate to a certain extent on their own, but theydont regenerate over very long distances. D. The big problem with treatingspinal injuries is the fact that mature nerve tissue does not spontaneouslyregenerate. II. The three basic ways to treat nerve damage are: first, produceregeneration of the remaining segment of a nerve fiber, or make new connectionson the other side of the injury. Second, prevent or rescue the damaged nervefiber from proceeding on to separation, or perhaps even functionally reunite thetwo segments, so that both portions of the fiber survive. Or third, facilitatenerve impulse traffic to cross the region of injury in intact fibers where theyhave lost their electrical insulation. III. The techniques that are being usedto do this involve magnetic, electrical, chemical, or a combination of these tostimulate the damaged nerve. A. At present surgeons take a nerve from a lessimportant part of the body and transfer it to the site of the injury. Generallythe nerve is taken from the lower leg, but then sensation is lost in thatportion of the body. Next, the surgeons attempt to repair the nerves by sewingthe proximal and distal ends of the nerves together. However, the results areoften disappointing. Even with the operation microscope, surgeons are unable toprecisely match the thousands of minute axons, each being approximately 1/100the diameter of a human hair. B. Arthur Lander, a molecular neurobiologist whocame to UCI in 1999 from MIT, does research specifically on neural growth andrepair. What scientists currently want to learn, he said, is thefundamental mechanisms that control whether nerve fibers grow and where theygrow. Its not good enough just to get them to grow, youve got to get them toconnect to the right targets. C. Dr. Schmidt, Ph.D. from the University ofIllinois further states, Imagine the end of a damaged nerve as a smallchild lost in a forest. The child is resilient and will seek a way out, but sheneeds the help of a flashlight and a path. 1. Dr. Schmidt recentlyreceived a grant from the Whitaker Foundation to research ways to useelectricity and an electrically conducting polymer material to stimulate nervecell growth. Dr. Christine Schmidts goal is to give the nervous systemsnatural healing mechanism the help it needs in repairing cells. This may meansupplying a tiny burst of electricity to stimulate the growth of a damagednerve. It also means a pathway or tunnel the growing nerve can follow from thesite of the injury to its destination. The path or tunnel Schmidt is hoping willhelp nerve growth is just that: a minute tube composed of a black-coloredmaterial that somewhat resembles Teflon coating. Called polypyrrole, it is apolymer that conducts electricity and can be filled with nutrients that helpnerves grow. The chief drawback at present is that polypyrrole is notbiodegradable. Schmidt is trying to modify polypyrrole so that it will dissolveinto the body and disappear as the nerve regenerates, like biodegradable suturesused in surgery. D. A recent study performed at Cornell University MedicalCollege has demonstrated that exposure to magnetic fields can result in growthand regeneration of nerves. Dr. Saxena, who was in charge of the research usedlow-level magnetic fields to trigger growth and regeneration of nerve sectionsin a culture medium (basically a petri dish). The study also found that thosenerves that were not exposed to the magnetic fields experienced nervedegeneration. 1. Dr. Saxena said At the end of the year, we found thatincluded in the new growth was the myelin sheath, a structure responsible fornormal nerve conduction of impulses. These findings are especially importantbecause the myelin sheath is the part of the nerve cell that actually conductsthe electrical impulses. E. Another means to restore nerve impulse trafficin both directions through the injured spinal cord is to allow these impulses tocross the regions on the nerve fibers that have b een stripped of theirinsulation, or myelin. The electrical conduction of nerve impulses are blockedat these regions, and though the fiber may be intact, it is stillsilent. If nerve impulses do not decay in this damaged region, butare conducted to the other side, then they are carried through the rest of thenervous system in a normal fashion. The drug 4 aminopyridine (4 AP) can allowthis to happen. The drug was administered by injection, and behavioralimprovements could be observed sometimes within 15 minutes. This break throughwas subsequently moved to limited human testing in two Canadian medical centerswith colleagues Dr. Keith Hayes and Dr. Robert Hanseboiut. Their resultsextended the utility of 4 AP in human quadriplegic and paraplegics. 1. RichardB. Bargains, Director for the Center of Paralysis Research who was present forthe administration of the drug said, I particularly remember one man, 5years after his injury who began to breathe again more normally within ? hourof the ad ministration of the drug. Several more clinical trials of thedrug have been completed in the US and Canada. F. MIT scientists and colleagueshave recently discovered a gene that is capable of promoting nerve fiberregeneration. For the first time, they were able to fully reestablish lostconnections in the mature brain of a mammal. Although the research was conductedon mice, they believe that it opens the door for the functional repair of brainand spinal cord damage in humans. The scientists have shown that intrinsicgenetic factors, not just the tissue environment, are of crucial importance. Information System EssayBrain tissue in adults contains factors that inhibit fiber growth and it lacksgrowth-promoting hormones. By culturing brain tissue, the scientists determinedthat genes that cause the growth of nerve fibers shut down at a very young age. G. Purdue Universitys Center for Paralysis Research in conjunction with theSchool of Veterinary Science are using paraplegic dogs, with their ownersconsent, to test some new techniques of their own. What researchers do is inducespinal nerve fiber regeneration and to some extent guide it, through the use ofan applied electrical field. Very weak electrical fields are a natural part ofembryonic development, particularly in the nervous system, and a inherent partof wound healing in animals. In experimental treatment for paraplegic dogs,researchers reverse the polarity of the applied electrical field imposed overthe region of the injury every 15 minutes; using an electronic circuit which isimplanted securely to the outside of the spine. H. In the US the use of fetaltissue is a very controversial subject-leading to a presidential ban on any useof human embryonic derived material. Researchers at Purdue University havedeveloped an alternative. Theyve shown that nerve cells removed from the g utand grafted to a spinal cord injury in the same animal can survive. Anotherinteresting and potentially breakthrough technology involves the repair ofindividual nerve fibers using special chemicals that can both repair and coverholes in nerve membranes and even fuse the two segments of a cut nerve backtogther. One may think of this as a molecular-chemical band-aid thatprevents injured fibers from preceding on to separation and death. I. Britishscientists are developing a pioneering technique for reconnecting severednerves. But it will only work with peripheral nerves. Researchers at the RoyalFree Hospital in London have found a way to persuade the severed ends of damagednerves to grow though a special tube implanted to bridge the gap. The tinytubes-a single millimeter in diameter are glued or stitched between the cutnerve ends. The inside of the tubing is coated with special cells, calledSchwann cells, which release proteins that encouraged nerve growth. Once thenerve fibers have g rown and reconnected the polymer tubing simply dissolvesaway. The Schwann cells would be grown from the patients own cells, taken froma tiny sample of nerve, to avoid rejection problems. Doctors hope to beginimplants into patients within a year. CONCLUSION: I. The three basic techniquesthat are currently being used to treat damaged nerves concern electrical,magnetic, and chemical stimulation. II. Rapid progress is being made in the areaof research and treatment involving injured nerves. Within ten years, commonplace treatment will be available for what is presently deemed to beirreversible spinal cord damage. BibliographyHibasami H., Hirata H., Morita A., Ohkaya S., Sasaki H., Uchida A. Mechanisms of Nerve Degeneration and Regeneration Abstracts. http://brahms.chem.uic.edu/~cgpage/protocols/cloning.html(18 Sept 1998). Jacobson Resonance Enterprises, Inc. Jacobson ResonanceEnterprises Reports Cornell Study Reveals Nerve Regeneration Possible for theFirst Time Ever with Jacobson Resonator.http://www8.techmall.com/199.107.82.50/techdocs/TS981221-8.html (21 Dec., 1997). Joan Irvine Smith. The Research. http://www.communications.uci.edu/releases/reeve1.html(Spring 1996). MIT News Office. Scientists ?rebuild damaged nervetissue in mouse brain. http://www.web.mit.edu/newsoffice/tt/1997/feb26/index.html(15 Feb. 2000) Mary Lenz. Nerve regeneration project holds hope for injuryvictims. http://www.che.utexas.edu/~schmidt/links/neuro.html (29 Sept. 1998). Richard B. Borgens. New Horizons in the Treatment of Spinal CordInjury. http://www.vet.purdue.edu/cpr/research.html#Electrical Stimulation(4 Jan 2000). Thomas Brunshart, M.D.. New Strategies for NerveRegeneration. www.med.jhu.edu/ortho/news/ws1997/under.html (1997).

Problems in ethics codes of TV, Radio and Newspapers Essay Example

Problems in ethics codes of TV, Radio and Newspapers Essay The common framework of journalistic ethics that is being adopted by radio, television and newspaper associations is a fair and balanced one. Having said so, adhering to such guidelines are not without challenges. The rest of this essay will try to demonstrate why these ethical guidelines are difficult to implement in a media atmosphere dominated by private and political power. One of the basic premises under which all journalists compile their reports is the fact-checking aspect of their information. In other words, testing the accuracy of the information being reported and taking efforts to make sure that no mistake is incurred due to oversight. In reality however, there are systemic challenges to adhere to this principle. Given that most of the media coverage revolves around information released by government spokespersons, the veracity of the information given cannot be easily verified. For one thing, it is implicitly accepted that any message from government sources is an authentic and accurate one. To question or suspect elected representatives and authorities is not natural to many journalists. Hence, there are practical difficulties in implementing this particular code of journalistic ethic. We will write a custom essay sample on Problems in ethics codes of TV, Radio and Newspapers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Problems in ethics codes of TV, Radio and Newspapers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Problems in ethics codes of TV, Radio and Newspapers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Further in the code of ethics one finds mention of separating the two distinct functions of news media, namely editorial opinions and factual news reports. The former is an area of subjective judgment and opinion while the latter is supposed to be objective and factual. While this dichotomy is more relevant to the print media, it is also applicable to the radio and television news media as well. Maintaining this dichotomous separation is easier said than done. What one finds in reality though is the imprint of the editorial policies on the process of selecting stories to report. A factual report is not in and of itself a neutral and objective one. Editorial pressures usually decide which stories are picked and which are left. Hence, under the apparent disguise of objectivity and factuality there can be an ideological thrust, which can serve against the interests of the common consumer of the particular news media, be it radio, television or newsprint. Another area of consensus that journalists from various mediums have agreed upon is in the judicious choice of facts and photographs that is published or shown in their reports. This code was accepted on the grounds that blatant truth can sometimes offend or hurt the sentiments of certain communities. But the flip side of this argument is the subtle â€Å"censorship† that this subjects journalists to. A recent case in point is the directive from the government of the United States to all broadcasting houses to not publish or show pictures of coffins of dead soldiers being transported back home. The rationale was that such a display would affect the morale and confidence of the family members and other fellow soldiers presently in Iraq. But the sad fact is that most of the American public does not have a clear grasp of the number of American casualties in war as a result of this policy. While this editorial obedience did succeed in keeping the minds of family members of t he marines less gloomy, it inadvertently distorted the reality of the ongoing war. In the end, the truth should be put forth to the public for effective functioning of democracy. Hence the code of ethic in this case is subversive to democratic principles. The association of journalists has pledged to act independently, without taking orders from the powers that be. While theoretically this is a sound ethical standpoint, it seldom translates into quality journalism. The fact of the matter is most of the mainstream media organizations are dependent on advertisers, be it radio, television or newspapers for their revenue. In this context, reports and analysis that are adversarial to promoting consumerism will never be acceptable for the business community. Hence, the journalism will inevitably suffer. The only way of mitigating these constraints on quality journalism, one would suppose, is to promote subscriber supported news media as opposed to an advertiser supported one. Things are already looking up in this regard. Alternative radio channels are already on the rise; and it is only a matter of time before television and newspapers catch up with it. This would revolutionize the way news is perceived and consumed. But, till then , the shortcomings inherent in the present media setup will thwart all efforts toward ethical journalism. Accountability is another key tenet that is part of the code of ethics. Being accountable to the viewers, listeners, etc has been emphasized as a core virtue for genuine journalism. But unfortunately, even in a country as politically advanced as the United States, the legislative framework of media operations is not sophisticated enough. In a true democratic setup one would expect that the laws more in favor of the general population as opposed to the business interests. But the laws in place are essentially the ones that give protection to the media conglomerates and to an extent make them not liable for their journalistic digressions. Hence, such an atmosphere does not force media houses to promote ethical journalism. Finally, keeping in mind the growing phenomenon of undercover journalistic operations, the body of journalists has tried to stem this tide through the adoption of principles against this form of news gathering. But, this pledge to curb undercover journalism comes at a time when tabloid and paparazzi supported news gathering has become rampant in the mainstream media scene. While the ethical stance of the journalists in this regard might be an earnest one, it is a very challenging proposition to put an end to gossip mongering and paparazzi photographing of celebrities and other headline makers. It is also an acknowledged fact that the general quality of mainstream media, be it electronic or print, has seen deterioration in the post Second World War period. Hence, implementing the code of ethics is going to be a very tough if not an impossible task for the well meaning journalists. The only way in which some palpable change for the better can happen is if the code of ethics is taken seriously the owners of media organizations. In other words, the initiative for ethical news broadcast has to be a top-down one as opposed to a bottom-up effort. Herein lays the only hope for the revival of the noble tradition that is associated with journalism. Bibliography: Simon Dumencio, The Media Guy; Revealed: My ethics policy (and Brangelina quota).(MediaWorks).. Advertising Age 76.26 (June 27, 2005): p46. THE PERP WALK; Watching executives climb the courthouse steps became a spectator sport in 2002.Business Week 3815 (Jan 13, 2003): p86. UNDER FIRE; These execs, too, are embroiled in a range of investigations.Business Week 3815 (Jan 13, 2003): p87. MATTHEW GRIMM, False consciousness.(ethics of marketing, media businesses). Brandweek 42.25 (June 18, 2001): p30. Here is the news.(mass media ethics).Michael Bugeja. The Ecologist 37.7 (Sept 2007): p18-19. Media Ethics and Accountability Systems, (Book Reviews)., Marion Pinsdorf. Public Relations Review 28.1 (Feb 2002): p132(2). EDITORIAL: Enforcement key to ethics protocol.(World PR Festival and ethics U.K.).PR Week (UK) (June 27, 2003): p08.

An Overview of Golda Meir essays

An Overview of Golda Meir essays Golda Meir was a considered to be one of the Worlds greatest women of all times. For a woman coming from the early 1900s, she accomplished very many things. She showed courage, strength, and leadership throughout the many years of her life. Because of all of this she is looked upon as a great leader. Starting from an early age she showed an eagerness to be independent, which any young person striving to be an individual would do. At fifteen, she argued with her teachers and her parents about practically everything. She wanted to search for the person she knew was hiding inside so she ran away to live with her sisters in Denver. Here she was struck with many experiences; she had a great form of beauty, strong figure and beautiful. All of this she could use to her advantage. It was easier for women to get attention the more beautiful they were, no one really paid attention to how intelligent a woman was because women were thought to be less smart. Even though Golda was very head strong and stubborn she still kept to herself, so when she was first revealed intimately it was made a big deal. In her letters to the men she was involved with you could get a sense of strong tenderness and love. She was passionate with everything that had to do with her. The things she loved and the things she hated. The men she had love affairs with were men of power and pioneering giants of the time. They pushed her care er, which did not always satisfy her, so from time to time she had to prove herself that she could do it on her own but this was just an easier way. Men except for Golda ran all of Americas society. She was the only woman to break into their inner circle and socialize with the men about political issues and things of that nature. She unlike most women was taken seriously more than half the time. All though she was not always alone she did feel a sense of loneliness. ...

An Interview with Teachers on Diversity, Inclusivity, Strategies and Respect in the Classroom

An Interview with Teachers on Diversity, Inclusivity, Strategies and Respect in the Classroom I interviewed two teachers about diversity, inclusivity, strategies, and respect in their classrooms. The first teacher, Rachael, is outgoing, creative, family oriented, and very dependable. She is a staple at our school and her opinion is sought by many other teachers. The second teacher I interviewed, Patricia, is a speech pathologist who tends to keep to herself, has an extremely large wealth of knowledge, and is the backbone of our Exceptional Student Education (ESE) department. Educational Setting Education is a field of hard working professionals who are willing to give their time and resources to make a difference in a child’s life. I have the privilege of working with several teachers at my elementary school who inspire both children and their colleagues.The culture of our school is diverse with a large Hispanic and Caucasian population. The ELL department works very hard to make sure students are tested and placed in the appropriate language group. Grade, Age Level, or Subject Areaand Years of Teaching Experience Rachael has been teaching for 11 years. She has taught various elementary grade levels and is currently teaching fourth grade. Rachael is the grade chair (team lead) for fourth grade and is also on the school instructional leadership team (ILT).Patricia teaches speech therapy and language therapy. She assists the Exceptional Student Education (ESE) team with various lesson plan ideas, research based strategies, and writing techniques to promote successful writing. Patricia has been teaching for 19 years and is a huge asset to our school. Patricia teaches every grade level in language or Speech therapy. Diversity of Students They Teach Again, the culture of our school is diverse with a large Hispanic population representing several countries such as Honduras, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Mexico, El Salvador, Guatemala, Brazil, Costa Rica, Venezuela, and Argentina. We also have a student from Greece, a student from England, and a student from Spain. A Description of How the Educators Illustrate the Current State of Inclusivity and Diversity in Their Settings When asked the question â€Å"Describe the current state of diversity and inclusivity in your educational setting†, Rachael answered â€Å"I think we have a pretty diverse setting. We have children from all different walks of life culturally and economically. I personally try to make sure everyone feels valued and has a voice-even if their voice is small-it’s important that they feel important.†, (Rachael, personal communication, May24, 2017).When Patricia was asked this question, she stated â€Å"Diversity tends to be a function of the neighborhood in which a school is situated. Within the school, students appear to be evenly distributed among teachers both when considering race/cultural background/language and when considering disabilities including SLD, Other Health Impaired, and Autism among others. The Administration appears to actively recruit teachers from a variety of ethnic backgrounds. Our school is also challenged to bring diversity as one of the ol dest schools in our County. Segregation had a long hold on our school and it continues to push against this legacy. Inclusivity is sometimes challenging for English-speaking staff who cannot communicate effectively with parents of students who do not speak English. There is also a range of experience and skill within the teacher and staff population to respond to the special needs of students with disabilities. The issue of inclusivity seems to be more a function of District support than an intrinsic lack of desire for understanding on the part of teachers toward unique students. In sum, things are good, things are getting better, and theres quite a ways to go before we get there.† (Patricia, personal communication, May24, 2017). A Description of Strategies the Educators Use for Creating Inclusive Learning Environments. When asked the second interview question, what strategies do you use to create inclusive learning environments? Rachael answered â€Å"I try to make an inclusive learning environment by using Kagan structures. It gives each student a chance to participate and have a voice. I also differentiate instruction so that they feel successful at their level. The easiest thing I do is just listen to them and let them talk about their weekend, thoughts, and family. Classroom jobs also help to make the students feel valued.† (Rachael, personal communication, May24, 2017). Patricia answered the second question with this statement â€Å"Speaking only for myself, rather than the general sense as above, inclusivity is the mission for a speech language pathologist. This career exists to help those with communication gaps bridge the gap, or ideally fill the gap. To this end, I am constantly seeking to know the standard for a student without a disability and devising ways for students to reach or come close to meeting the expectations of the regular classroom. At this school, there is also some income disparity. While we are a Title I school and the majority of students meet the poverty criteria, there are students who enjoy a middle and upper-middle class life. The disparity is sometimes glaring as one student may have shoes with soles separating from the shoe body and another is wearing SPARKLY boots today instead of the leather carved pair. I compliment both students, genuinely, appreciating not just the aesthetic of the material item I love those rainbo w sparkles! but the gesture of the item Those shoes must have seen a lot of amazing places! Where have they taken you? Inclusivity also embodies the idea that fair is not necessarily equal. I have used my own resources, time and money, to fill resource gaps for poverty-affected students boxes of crayons just to take home for example outside of the treasure everyone earns. Students know I am here for everyone, not just the ones that look like me!†(Patricia, personal communication, May24, 2017). A Description of Strategies the Educators Use for Demonstrating Respect Toward and Valuing Students from Diverse Backgrounds For the final interview question, what strategies do you to show you value and respect diversity in your classroom setting? Rachael answered â€Å"I know that I can be better at thisits easy to call on the same students because you know they have the right answer or wont waste your time with a silly answer. Sometimes I dont even have time to listen to them. But, I know that they need to feel like they are important.†(Rachael, personal communication, May24, 2017). Patricia answered the final question with this statement â€Å"Growing up in a foreign country, a Spanish-speaking foreign country, has afforded some advantages for me especially in working with the large Hispanic population at our school. Daily, I take a risk and exchange a few conversational turns in the language students hear at home, creating rapport. I do the same for the parents that come to meet with me. I have also integrated materials that resonate with students culture and history such as the lesson I built on Cactus Soup a version of the fable Stone Soup, that includes Spanish words, illustrations rich with images found in towns of the Mexican desert, and Mexican cooking ingredients. Many students here are connected to the strawberry crop. Lessons have also revolved around all things strawberry. This platform allows for more than just discussions about fresas, it creates an opportunity for students to talk about daily life for their family as their parents pick through th e light hours and the students themselves help in the fields on the weekends. Realizing the lesson objective may sometimes take a back seat to conversation is paramount. However, will we guide students toward knowledge if there is not mutual trust and respect that the journey will be what both envision?†(Patricia, personal communication, May24, 2017). An Analysis of How Well the Educators are Creating Inclusive Learning Environments for All Students The Educator I Believe is More Proficient at This Skill Patricia is far more proficient at this skill than the other teacher. Her years of experience and diverse background provide her with various outlooks on any topic. Patricia tends to support her ideas and approach to teaching with research based articles and materials. An Assessment of the Evidence I Have that Supports My View I have witnessed Rachael in action and she truly allows each student an equal opportunity to express themselves. She is quite a remarkable teacher. Patricia’s passion is a reflection of our entire team. Working with her these past three years has been a pleasure and she has taught me many valuable lessons. She utilized so many research-based strategies, programs (LIPS by Linda Mood), and professional development materials in all of her lesson plans and IEP’s. Conclusions or Big Ideas I Drew about Inclusivity and Diversity from My Interviews. My ‘aha† moments, that Patricia inspired, revolve around student self-assessments. Patricia has changed the way I view teaching and her inspiration will be with me for the remainder of my career. She taught me to teach the students to assess themselves and allow them to tell you their comfort level about their knowledge of a topic. An Application of These Big Ideas to My Own Educational Setting How These Big Ideas May Be Applied in My Own Setting to Promote Valuing of Diversity This made such an impact on me. Her response was so heartfelt and sincere. Patricia and I have worked hard to make sure a student is able to attend summer camp at our local science museum. There have been times when we have paid his way out of our own pocket. The look on his is worth a hundred times more.

Video review on Orientalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Video review on Orientalism - Essay Example It is the assumption that some places that are perceived to be magical are also timeless and unevolving. Napoleon’s conquest of Egypt in 1798 came about in a different way which basically shows a different way in which a conquest can be made. One can invade a country in search of treasure and petroleum, but in this case, Egypt was invaded and studied for the purpose of what can France to for Egypt. Edward Said shows the difference between Europe and America. He shows how Europe had its colonies in India, Algeria and Indochina for non political reasons which gave both parties a long standing relationship. America on the other hand is interested in countries for political reasons. Edward Said’s view of America’s Orientalism in the east is â€Å"that the American Orientalism is very politicized by the presence of Israel for which America is the main ally.† (Media Education transcript pg.6, www.mediaed.org) [CNN News: Vice President Al Gore] President Clinton and I are proud, as are all Americans that the United States was the first nation to recognize the State of Israel, eleven minutes after you proclaimed your independence. (Media Education transcript pg.6, www.mediaed.org) This breaks down the stereotypes and the ideas that pop into non oriental people when the Orient is talked about. Ideas such as extremists, fanatics, and kamikaze are all words and images that come to mind when the Middle East is talked about. â€Å"So the impression you got of Islam was that it was a frightening mysterious, above all threatening, as if the main business of Muslims was to threaten and try to kill Americans†, says Edward Said (Media Education transcript pg.7-8, www.mediaed.org)in the video. Edward Said was in Canada during the Oklahoma city bombing in April 1995, and just after it happened he was called off the hook by journalists simply because

Venue and Destination Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Venue and Destination Management - Coursework Example This paper will try to analyse in depth the marketing plan and marketing communication techniques of a destination marketing organisation (DMO) focused on the conference / convention market – specifically – the Louisville Marketing Plan 2011-12. Destination marketing is a strategic approach towards building or continuing brand awareness of a certain locality to increase visitor traffic. It is focused on the visitor as it employs economic and cultural approaches to balance expectations of visitors with their experience from service providers and the community. Thus, it involves strengthening the capacity of a community or a locality / region in order to meet marketplace supply and demand, benefit on opportunities, as well as sustain vitality (Martin, 2002). e. Unique or boutique destination which may be a typical and local destination with a special appeal such as â€Å"best known† (DMAI, 2012) for something locally produced – like cuisine, fashion, furniture, jewelleries, amongst others. The destination marketing organisation (DMO) is therefore tasked at promoting a town, a city, region, or country with the aim to increase visitors. It engages in coordinated effort on promotion and development of convention sales, tourism marketing and services in the area (Clark, 2006; Ford and Peeper, 2008). Aside from the DMO, the components that contribute to the performance and output of destination marketing efforts are local and private sector actors, regional, national and international actors. From the local actors are the public sector, political leaders and managers, urban planners, business developers, tourist/public information bureaus, and managers of infrastructure that includes education, health, transportation and sanitation. Under the private sector group are businesses, real estate developers, financial institutions, gas and

Problems with Public Schools Essay -- School Education Academics Teach

Problems with Public Schools In order to fully understand the issue of school vouchers, we must examine first the current situation in public schools and identify the problems. Then, we must look at the effect vouchers will have on these problems. Finally, we must discuss the objections to vouchers leveled by their main political opponents. In order to examine the potential benefits of school choice, we must first look to the current situation in American education. Public schools today are in a state of crisis, while access to private schools is diminished because the private schools cannot adequately sell what some are giving away for free. The organizational structure of these public schools is inherent to the centralized and bureaucratic structure (Boaz and Barrett 1996). The crisis in American schools takes three major forms. First, student academic performance is declining, particularly in urban areas and among traditionally disadvantaged student populations. Second, discipline and moral behavior is quickly becoming non-existent. Third, the per-pupil expenditure is inflated beyond what is necessary. Declining Academic Performance The first problem with public school today is that academic performance is declining, particularly in urban areas and among disadvantaged populations. America is faced with an educational crisis in two areas: business skills and liberal education. First, we examine the problem with skills. In the 1980?s, America?s ?education crisis? received widespread publicity. Several reports were done on the impact of this education crisis on the workforce. These reports, especially those by the Hudson Institute and David Kearns, indicated massive shortcomings in education that left high-s... ...ling. http://www.educationext.org/20023/73.html. retrieved April 28, 2003 Savas, E. (2000). Privatization and public private partnerships. New York: Chatham House Schaub D. (2002). Can liberal education survive liberal democracy? Public Interest, Spring2002 Issue 147 Tyson L. (1990). New Perspectives Quarterly, Fall 90, Vol. 7 Issue 4, p26 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1996). Report assessing environmental education in the United States and the implementation of the National Environmental Education Act of 1990. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. Woiceshyn G. (2000). Ayn Rand Institute. Rational Education. retrieved April 28, 2003. Socializing students for anarchy. http://education.aynrand.org/anarchy.html Wolfram G. (2001). Michigan?s prevailing wage law forces schools to waste money. Michigan Education Report, Fall 2001.

Aids Awareness – 2

World AIDS Day, observed on 1 December every year, is dedicated to raising awareness of the AIDS  pandemic  caused by the spread of HIV infection. Government and health officials observe the day, often with speeches or forums on the AIDS topics. Since 1995, the President of the United States has made an official  proclamation  on World AIDS Day. Governments of other nations have followed suit and issued similar announcements. AIDS has killed more than 25 million people between 1981 and 2007,[1]  and an estimated 33. million people worldwide live with HIV as of 2007,[2]  making it one of the most destructive epidemics in recorded history. Despite recent, improved access to antiretroviral treatment and care in many regions of the world, the AIDS epidemic claimed an estimated 2 million lives in 2007,[3]  of which about 270,000 were children. [4] World AIDS Day was first conceived in August 1987 by James W. Bunn and Thomas Netter, two public information officers for the Glo bal Programme on AIDS at the  World Health Organization  in Geneva, Switzerland. [5][6]  Bunn and Netter took their idea to Dr.Jonathan Mann, Director of the Global Programme on AIDS (now known as  UNAIDS). Dr. Mann liked the concept, approved it, and agreed with the recommendation that the first observance of World AIDS Day should be 1 December 1988. Bunn, a broadcast journalist on a leave-of-absence from his reporting duties at KPIX-TV in San Francisco, recommended the date of 1 December believing it would maximize coverage by western news media. Since 1988 was an election year in the U. S. , Bunn suggested that media outlets would be weary of their post-election coverage and eager to find a fresh story to cover.Bunn and Netter determined that 1 December was long enough after the election and soon enough before the Christmas holidays that it was, in effect, a dead spot in the news calendar and thus perfect timing for World AIDS Day. On 18 June 1986 KPIX'S â€Å"AIDS Lifel ine† (a community education project initiated by Bunn and KPIX Special Projects Producer Nancy Saslow) was honored with a Presidential Citation for Private Sector Initiatives presented by President Ronald Reagan. Because of his role in â€Å"AIDS Lifeline† Bunn was asked by Dr. Mann, on behalf of the U. S. government, to take a two-year leave-of-absence to join Dr.Mann, an epidemiologist for the Centers for Disease Control, and assist in the creation of the Global Programme on AIDS for the United Nations' World Health Organization. Mr. Bunn accepted and was named the first Public Information Officer for the Global Programme on AIDS. Bunn and Netter conceived, designed, and implemented the inaugural World AIDS Day observance – now the longest-running disease awareness and prevention initiative of its kind in the history of public health. The  Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS  (UNAIDS) became operational in 1996, and it took over the planning and prom otion of World AIDS Day. 7]  Rather than focus on a single day, UNAIDS created the World AIDS Campaign in 1997 to focus on year-round communications, prevention and education. [7][8] In its first two years, the theme of World AIDS Day focused on children and young people. These themes were strongly criticized at the time for ignoring the fact that people of all ages may become infected with HIV and suffer from AIDS. [7]  But the themes drew attention to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, helped alleviate some of the stigma surrounding the disease, and helped boost recognition of the problem as a family disease. 7] In 2004, the World AIDS Campaign became an independent organization. [7][8][9] Each year, Popes  John Paul II  and  Benedict XVI  have released a greeting message for patients and doctors on World AIDS Day. [10][11][12][13][14][15] In 2007, the  White House  began marking World AIDS Day with the iconic display of a 28-foot AIDS Ribbon on the building's North Portico. [ 16]  The display, now an annual tradition, quickly garnered attention, as it was the first banner, sign or symbol to prominently hang from the White House since the  Abraham Lincoln  administration. ———————————————— [edit]Choosing the theme From its inception until 2004,  UNAIDS  spearheaded the World AIDS Day campaign, choosing annual themes in consultation with other global health organizations. As of 2008, each year's World AIDS Day theme is chosen by the World AIDS Campaign's Global Steering Committee after extensive consultation with people, organizations and government agencies involved in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. [7]  For each World AIDS Day from 2005 through 2010, the theme will be â€Å"Stop AIDS. Keep the Promise. â€Å", with a yearly sub-theme. 7]  This overarching theme is designed to encourage political leaders to keep their c ommitment to achieve universal access to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, care, and support by the year 2010. [7] This theme is not specific to World AIDS Day, but is used year-round in WAC's efforts to highlight HIV/AIDS awareness within the context of other major global events including the  G8 Summit. World AIDS Campaign also conducts â€Å"in-country† campaigns throughout the world, like the  Student Stop AIDS Campaign, an infection-awareness campaign targeting young people throughout the UK.Today many people around the world are infected with a serious disease called  AIDS. Unfortunately, the disease has led to many deaths worldwide and yet it still remains untreatable. Many Public Health Departments are now taking the lead in publicizing education about AIDS. Public awareness and prevention programs are possible solutions to the spread of AIDS. The issue of this paper is on AIDS Prevention Programs that target women. One outlook is that prevention programs that tar get women will reduce the number of infections around the world.People opposed to this believe that prevention programs should aim more towards males. The disease is obviously an important social issue which impacts people worldwide. Certain associations and studies believe that women are more at danger then men for contracting HIV/AIDS. They believe prevention programs should be focused merely on women. AIDS cases for women are increasing each year and women are one of the fastest growing populations being infected. At the end of 2002, UNAIDS, a Joint United Nations Progamme on HIV/AIDS, reported that 38. 6 million adults are infected with HIV or AIDS worldwide.Roughly 50% or 19. 2 million are women. Globally speaking, most women infected with HIV or AIDS are from developing countries. The fastest spread of AIDS among women is in sub-Saharan Africa. In 1999, for the first time more women than men were infected with HIV. Out of 22. 3 million people infected in sub Saharan Africa 12. 2 million, or 55%, are female. Of the 1. 1 million youth infected in south Asia, 62% are female. According to research by the CDC, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the amount of AIDS cases in women have more than tripled in the United States.Since 1985, 7% of women were affected to 25% in 1999. With the number of AIDS cases in women increasing, organizations are relying on prevention programs aimed towards women to be the effective solution to prevent the spread of the virus amongst men and women. We can write a custom essay on AIDS for you! In contrary to the opposing viewpoint, reports by UNAIDS felt that men should be the main focus in the prevention programs. In 2000, UNAIDS commenced a World AIDS Campaign which pushed for men to become more involved in preventing the spread of the AIDS outbreak. We must stop seeing men as some kind of problem and begin seeing them as part of the solution,† according to Dr Peter Piot, the head director of UNAIDS. â€Å"Working with men to change their behavior and attitudes has tremendous potential to slow down the epidemic. It will also improve the lives of men themselves, not to mention those of their families. † There are several reasons why men should remain the main target to the prevention of the epidemic. The focus is mainly on changing sexual behaviors amongst men. Men grow up with certain beliefs and attitudes on how they should behave when dealing with intercourse.Dr. Elvira Belingon, Department of Health STD/AIDS Coordinator in Cordillera explained that worldwide studies prove that men are at a greater risk of spreading the disease because they are likely to have more unprotected intercourse and sexual partners than women do. â€Å"Too often, it is seen as ‘unmanly' to worry about avoiding drug-related risks, or to bother with condoms,† said Dr Piot. UNAIDS feel these cultural beliefs and expectations allow men to become vulunerable to AIDS which endangers their own health or the health of their partners and family.This vulnerability has already affected gay and bisexual men in the United States. Sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis have rose for the second year in a row. The government feels that gays and bisexuals are more susceptible to these sexually transmitted diseases and with the help of these prevention programs they can decrease that number. In order to help control the AIDS epidemic, organization’s feel prevention programs should focus more on men’s behavior. I believe that prevention programs should be aimed towards women because of he steady increase of infections year to year. Women are more susceptible to HIV infection for several reasons. Biologically, females are estimated to be eight times more likely of receiving and HIV transmission from a male compared to female-to-male transmission. In 1997, the CDC reported that 38% of women received HIV through heterosexual intercourse opposed to 7% of men. Women are more at risk because the surface area in a female’s genital tract is greater exposed than in males. During intercourse larger amounts of semen fluids are released than in vaginal fluids.This puts women at risk because semen contains a higher amount of HIV. Also, women often have sexually transmitted infections that are left untreated, which increases exposure to HIV. Women who have STDs, sexually transmitted diseases, especially those that cause ulcerations make it easier for HIV to enter the body. Genital sores and immune reactions related with STDs face a greater risk of HIV infection. Treatment of STDs can be an efficient HIV prevention tactic if prevention programs educate women on this exposure. Other biological factors deal with young women among the ages of 13 to 19.Girls in Charge coordinator, Judah-Abijah Dorrington, explained that 49% of all the AIDS cases reported in the United States since 1997 were among these young women. This age group is infected because they have not fully completed their biological development. Many of the women obtained HIV in their teens because of â€Å"having an underdeveloped cervix and low vaginal mucus production. † In the report by AIDS Weekly, young women are found to have three to five times higher HIV infections than among boys. â€Å"Young women really are being viewed as the population with the largest number of new infections,† said Dr.Cynthia Gomez, professor for the AIDS Prevention Center at the University of California at San Francisco. â€Å"They don't realize they're at risk, partly because we've only emphasized certain groups, rather than behaviors. † Women are vulnerable to infection for their lack of power within sexual relationships and sexual violence. Women’s lack of power makes it difficult for them to negotiate safer sex with partners. Women tend not to discuss condom use within relationships in fear of rejection or loss of economic support. When women are in committed relationships, they mainly focus on the intimacy in their relationship.They assume they are in a monogamous relationship with their partner. Unsafe sex becomes more important than protection against HIV. This dependence of men increases the risk of AIDS for women. A report from Secretary General of the United Nation, Kofi Annan concluded, â€Å"The gender dynamics of the epidemic are far-reaching due to women's weaker ability to negotiate safe sex, and their generally lower social and economic status. † Studies in Africa have uncovered that many married women have been infected by their husband. The powerlessness of women to reject sex with their husband has been a major cause of transmission to women.Women's dependence on men makes women less able to protect themselves against AIDS. Typically, men make most decisions about when, where, and how to have sex. In developing countries, women usually maintain little control over their bodies and hold little decision-making power. Violence against women increases their helplessness to HIV and decreases their ability to defend themselves against infection. According to a study, â€Å"physical and sexual abuse were ‘disturbingly common’ throughout life among women at high risk for HIV infection†¦women who have been abused are more likely to use crack cocaine and have multiple sex partners. This puts women are at greater risk for rape or sexual force. Also, some women are forced to enter into sex work or short-term partnerships to exchange sex for economic gain or survival including food, refuge, and security. In many cases, women are in danger merely because they are reliant on their husbands for survival and support. This hinders and restricts their decision making and negotiating control. Sex workers are at a high risk for infection, mainly when they do not have the ability to negotiate with customers who refuse to wear a condom.In order to prevent the spread of AIDS I feel public health ag encies need to raise public awareness by promoting prevention programs for women. If women are educated on the biological and social factors of AIDS, women may have more of a chance to change their behaviors before the possibility of becoming infected with HIV. Programs that specifically target women will have a positive impact on women in the long-run. As new AIDS cases are increasing quickly through heterosexual contact focus on the prevention programs will take on even greater importance.People that agree with the statement that AIDS prevention programs should target women believe that women are vulnerable to HIV infection biologically and socially. To decrease infections of the AIDS virus women change their standard of living especially for women in developing countries through these prevention programs. Those that disagree focus HIV prevention efforts on heterosexual male sexual behavior. By changing male cultural and socialization patterns interventions can be effective. A wid espread HIV prevention policy uses many essentials to protect as many people at risk for HIV as possible.

Darwinists and Dissenters - 1535 Words

Did God create the universe or did the universe create itself? Ever since Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species was first published in 1859, the debate between those that believe life was brought into existence by supernatural means and those who believe in Darwin’s theory of evolution has been fierce. Each side presents compelling arguments that may sway any uneducated reader to agree with their position based solely on the confidence they portray in their writings. However, because of the vastness and strength of evidence presented by the proponents of modern evolutionary theory, Darwinists have proved their point much greater than those who argue in favor of Intelligent Design. In this essay, four arguments will be presented; two†¦show more content†¦In other words, the complexity of life and its organisms could not have arisen slowly over time because if one part of a whole is not present then it cannot function, survive, and therefore possess the abili ty to reproduce and evolve. Behe explains this theory using a mousetrap as an example. He writes that â€Å"if any one of the components of the mousetrap (the base, hammer, spring, catch, or holding bar) is removed, then the trap does not function† and that â€Å"because the mousetrap is necessarily composed of several parts, it is irreducibly complex†¦ thus [proving] irreducibly complex systems exist† (5). Although Behe’s theory seems reasonable, Jerry Coyne points out in his book, Why Evolution Is True, that â€Å"the†¦ designs [observed] make sense only if they evolved from features of earlier ancestors† and that an Intelligent Designer would not have made it a motive to have organisms appear as though they evolved (Coyne, 85). Coyne’s critique of Behe’s theory of irreducible complexity further solidifies the Darwinists’ claim, especially in regard to his point that an Intelligent DesignerShow MoreRelatedEssay about Buck versus Bell3633 Words   |  15 Pagesintentions as those of the European immigrants. The presence of these minority groups generated both racial and class fears within white middle and upper class Americans. The fervent ethnocentrism resulting from these fears, coupled with the Social Darwinist concepts of Herbert Spencer, would ultimately spur the American eugenics movement. Originating from the theories of Sir Francis Galton, the cousin of Charles Darwin, eugenics is the study of human heredity and genetic principles for the purposesRead MoreHerbert Spencer Essay13142 Words   |  53 Pagessociocultural evolution amounted to, in Spencers phrase, the survival of the fittest. The free market system, without interference by governments, would weed out the weak and unfit. His controversial laissez-faire philosophy was praised by social Darwinists such as William Graham Sumner and opposed by sociologists such as Lester Frank Ward. Liked or loathed, Spencer was one of the most discu ssed Victorian thinkers. For more information on Herbert Spencer, visit Britannica.com.    |British History: Herbert